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DGCA Aviation Meteorology · 27 questions

Pressure Systems & Depressions: DGCA Aviation Meteorology Questions and Answers

27 practice questions on Pressure Systems & Depressions with answers and explanations, plus the key concepts and formulas, from the TrueHeading question bank.

About this topic

Use this page to revise Pressure Systems & Depressions for the DGCA Aviation Meteorology paper. Below are the key ideas first, then 12 practice questions with answers and explanations, picked from the 27 questions in the TrueHeading bank for this topic.

In short: Low: air converges and rises, cloud and rain, anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere. High: air sinks and diverges, clear skies, clockwise.

Open the full set in the student zone to answer every question, track your accuracy and take timed mock tests.

Key concepts: Pressure Systems & Depressions

3 ideas to know cold.

Highs and lows: what is the weather and circulation?

Low: air converges and rises, cloud and rain, anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere. High: air sinks and diverges, clear skies, clockwise.

  • Reverse the circulation directions in the southern hemisphere
  • Col: saddle between two highs and two lows, light winds, fog or thunderstorms
  • Ridge and trough: extensions of high and low pressure
LWindPGFCoriolisNorthern hemisphere: wind blows anticlockwise round a lowBuys Ballot: back to the wind,low pressure is on your left

How does a frontal depression develop?

A wave forms on the polar front, deepens, and the faster cold front overtakes the warm front to make an occlusion.

  • Warm sector between the two fronts
  • Cold front moves faster than the warm front
  • The system then fills and decays

How does wind blow around highs and lows?

Northern hemisphere: clockwise around a high, anticlockwise around a low (opposite in the southern hemisphere).

  • Buys Ballot: back to the wind, low pressure is to the left (N. hemisphere)
  • Isobars close together → strong winds
  • Surface wind is backed ~15° over sea, 30° over land from the gradient wind

Practice questions: Pressure Systems & Depressions

Tap “Show answer” after you have tried each one.

Q1Around a low pressure area in the northern hemisphere the surface wind blows:

  1. clockwise and outwards
  2. anticlockwise and inwards (towards the centre)
  3. clockwise and inwards
  4. anticlockwise and outwards
Show answer

Answer: B. anticlockwise and inwards (towards the centre)

Friction turns the wind across the isobars toward low pressure.

Q2Around a high pressure area in the northern hemisphere the surface wind blows:

  1. anticlockwise and inwards
  2. clockwise and inwards
  3. anticlockwise and outwards
  4. clockwise and outwards
Show answer

Answer: D. clockwise and outwards

Air spirals clockwise and outward around an anticyclone in the NH.

Q3In the southern hemisphere, the wind around a low is:

  1. parallel to the equator
  2. clockwise
  3. anticlockwise
  4. radial only
Show answer

Answer: B. clockwise

The Coriolis force is reversed.

Q4Close-spaced isobars indicate:

  1. dry air
  2. high temperature
  3. light winds
  4. strong winds
Show answer

Answer: D. strong winds

The pressure gradient force is strong, and the geostrophic wind is proportional to the gradient.

Q5Buys Ballot's law (northern hemisphere): if you stand with your back to the wind, low pressure is:

  1. on your right
  2. in front of you
  3. on your left
  4. behind you
Show answer

Answer: C. on your left

Back to the wind, low pressure is on the left in the northern hemisphere.

Q6A ridge of high pressure is usually associated with:

  1. severe thunderstorms
  2. fronts and rain
  3. strong gusts
  4. settled, stable weather
Show answer

Answer: D. settled, stable weather

Subsidence dries and stabilises the air.

Q7A col is:

  1. the centre of a depression
  2. a front aloft
  3. a jet stream core
  4. the region between two highs and two lows with light, variable winds
Show answer

Answer: D. the region between two highs and two lows with light, variable winds

A col is a saddle point; fog and thunderstorms may form there.

Q8Air near the centre of a low-pressure area is:

  1. diverging and sinking
  2. stationary
  3. converging and rising
  4. sinking only
Show answer

Answer: C. converging and rising

Surface convergence produces ascent, cloud and precipitation.

Q9Air in the centre of an anticyclone is:

  1. rising rapidly
  2. spreading at the top only
  3. sinking (subsiding)
  4. converging at the surface
Show answer

Answer: C. sinking (subsiding)

Subsidence suppresses cloud.

Q10A frontal depression in the northern hemisphere moves generally:

  1. from west to east, steered by the upper winds
  2. from north to south
  3. randomly
  4. from east to west
Show answer

Answer: A. from west to east, steered by the upper winds

Mid-latitude depressions are carried by the westerlies.

Q11The warm sector of a depression is the region:

  1. ahead of the warm front
  2. behind the cold front
  3. at the occlusion tip
  4. between the warm front and the cold front
Show answer

Answer: D. between the warm front and the cold front

Warm tropical air lies in the sector between the two fronts at the surface.

Q12As a depression occludes, the:

  1. depression deepens indefinitely
  2. cold front catches up with the warm front
  3. warm sector expands
  4. warm front catches up with the cold front
Show answer

Answer: B. cold front catches up with the warm front

The cold front moves faster than the warm front and lifts the warm sector off the ground.

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