32 practice questions on Climatology & Monsoon with answers and explanations, plus the key concepts and formulas, from the TrueHeading question bank.
Use this page to revise Climatology & Monsoon for the DGCA Aviation Meteorology paper. Below are the key ideas first, then 12 practice questions with answers and explanations, picked from the 32 questions in the TrueHeading bank for this topic.
In short: Strong summer heating over north-west India creates a heat low. Moist cross-equatorial air is drawn in.
Open the full set in the student zone to answer every question, track your accuracy and take timed mock tests.
5 ideas to know cold.
Strong summer heating over north-west India creates a heat low. Moist cross-equatorial air is drawn in.
Winter systems from the Mediterranean region that bring rain and snow to north India, carried by the subtropical westerly jet.
Tip: Roughly December to March.
Violent pre-monsoon thunderstorms with squalls, hail and heavy rain over Bengal, Bihar and Assam (March to May). Known locally as Kalbaisakhi.
Winter (Dec–Feb), pre-monsoon (Mar–May), south-west monsoon (Jun–Sep), post-monsoon (Oct–Nov).
SW monsoon (June–September) is moist air moving from the Indian Ocean into the heated sub-continent. NE monsoon (October–December) affects the southeast coast.
Tap “Show answer” after you have tried each one.
Answer: C. 1 June
Onset over Kerala is normally about 1 June; it covers all India by about 8 July.
Answer: C. differential heating between land and sea and the northward shift of the ITCZ
The heat low over north-west India draws in moist air from the Indian Ocean.
Answer: C. early to mid September
The withdrawal is normally complete by mid-October.
Answer: B. Kalbaishakhi (nor'westers)
Violent thunderstorms with squalls, hail and tornadoes in April–May.
Answer: C. loo
Temperatures rise above 45 °C in May and June.
Answer: A. pre-monsoon showers in Kerala and Karnataka
They help the ripening of mangoes.
Answer: D. south-westerly low-level winds, with the monsoon trough over the Gangetic plain
The cross-equatorial flow (Somali jet) feeds the Arabian Sea branch.
Answer: D. heavy rain and low cloud
Heavy showers can reduce visibility below 1 000 m and lower the cloud base.
Answer: B. in the pre-monsoon (April–June) season
Hot, dry ground and strong winds raise dust.
Answer: A. over the Gangetic plain (monsoon trough)
The monsoon trough is the continental extension of the ITCZ.
Answer: A. heat, moisture from the Bay of Bengal and a dry westerly
Interaction of dry air from the west with moist air from the south.
Answer: A. Cb activity, heavy rain, low cloud and reduced visibility
Widespread convective cloud, wet runways and bird activity.
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