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DGCA Air Navigation · 126 questions

Aeroplane Performance: DGCA Air Navigation Questions and Answers

126 practice questions on Aeroplane Performance with answers and explanations, plus the key concepts and formulas, from the TrueHeading question bank.

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About this topic

Use this page to revise Aeroplane Performance for the DGCA Air Navigation paper. Below are the key ideas first, then 12 practice questions with answers and explanations, picked from the 126 questions in the TrueHeading bank for this topic.

In short: Take-off speeds for a multi-engine transport aeroplane:

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Key concepts: Aeroplane Performance

5 ideas to know cold.

V1, VR and V2: what do they mean?

Take-off speeds for a multi-engine transport aeroplane:

  • V1: decision speed. Before it, reject; after it, continue
  • VR: rotation speed, pilot begins to raise the nose
  • V2: take-off safety speed, reached by 35 ft with one engine failed
  • VR is not lower than V1; V1 not lower than VMCG

TORA, TODA, ASDA and LDA?

Declared distances of a runway:

  • TORA: take-off run available
  • TODA = TORA + clearway
  • ASDA = TORA + stopway
  • LDA: landing distance available

Tip: Clearway cannot be longer than half the TORA.

What lengthens the take-off distance?

Higher mass, temperature, elevation, tailwind, up-slope, wet or soft surface, and flap setting that is too low.

  • Headwind shortens the take-off
  • Higher density altitude means less thrust and higher true speed

Vx and Vy: which speed gives what?

Vx gives the best angle of climb (obstacle clearance). Vy gives the best rate of climb (time to height).

  • Vx is slower than Vy
  • The two converge as altitude increases and meet at the absolute ceiling
  • Service ceiling: rate of climb of 100 ft/min (propeller) or 500 ft/min (jet)

What is the standard formula for the cruise Mach technique?

Mach is held constant, TAS varies with temperature.

  • Specific range = TAS / fuel flow
  • Long range cruise (LRC) is about 99 % of max range speed, ~ 1 % less range for ~ 3–5 % more speed

Practice questions: Aeroplane Performance

Tap “Show answer” after you have tried each one.

Q1Given: VS= Stalling speed VMCA= Air minimum control speed VMU= Minimumunstick speed (disregarding engine failure) V1= take-off decision speed VR=Rotation speed V2 min.= Minimum take-off safety speed VLOF: Lift-off speed Thecorrect formula is:

  1. V2min< VMCA> VMU
  2. VR< VMCA< VLOF
  3. VMU<= VMCA< V1
  4. VS< VMCA< V2 min
Show answer

Answer: D. VS< VMCA< V2 min

Q2The rate of climb

  1. Is the horizontal component of the true airspeed.
  2. Is the downhill component of the true airspeed.
  3. Is angle of climb times true airspeed.
  4. Is approximately climb gradient times true airspeed divided by 100.
Show answer

Answer: D. Is approximately climb gradient times true airspeed divided by 100.

Q3The speed VLO is defined as:

  1. Lift off speed.
  2. Design low operating speed.
  3. Long distance operating speed.
  4. Landing gear operating speed.
Show answer

Answer: D. Landing gear operating speed.

Q4When the outside air temperature increases, then

  1. The field length limited take-off mass increases but the climb limited take-off mass
  2. The field length limited take-off mass and the climb limited take-off mass increases.
  3. The field length limited take-off mass decreases but the climb limited take-off massincreases.
  4. The field length limited take-off mass and the climb limited take-off mass decreases.
Show answer

Answer: D. The field length limited take-off mass and the climb limited take-off mass decreases.

Q5Which of the following provides maximum obstacle clearance during climb?

  1. The speed for maximum rate of climb.
  2. 1.2Vs.
  3. The speed for maximum climb angle Vx.
  4. The speed, at which the flaps may be selected one position further UP.
Show answer

Answer: C. The speed for maximum climb angle Vx.

Q6Take-off run is defined as the:

  1. Horizontal distance along the take-off path from the start of the take-off to apoint equidistant between the point at which VLOF is reached and the point at which the airplane is 35 ft above the take-off surface.
  2. Distance to V1 and stop, assuming an engine failure at V1.
  3. Distance to 35 feet with an engine failure at V1 or 115% all engine distance to 35 feet.
  4. Distance from brake release to V2.
Show answer

Answer: A. Horizontal distance along the take-off path from the start of the take-off to apoint equidistant between the point at which VLOF is reached and the point at which the airplane is 35 ft above the take-off surface.

Q7VR cannot be lower than:

  1. 105% of V1 and VMCA.
  2. V1 and 105% of VMCA.
  3. 1.2 Vs for twin and three engine jet airplane.
  4. 1.15 Vs for turbo-prop with three or more engines.
Show answer

Answer: B. V1 and 105% of VMCA.

Q8In case of an engine failure recognized below V1

  1. The take-off may be continued if a clearway is available.
  2. The take-off must be rejected.
  3. The take-off should only be rejected if a stopway is available.
  4. The take-off is to be continued unless V1 is less than the balanced V1.
Show answer

Answer: B. The take-off must be rejected.

Q9Reduced take-off thrust should normally not be used when:

  1. It is dark.
  2. Anti skid is not usable.
  3. The runway is wet.
  4. The OAT is ISA +10°C
Show answer

Answer: B. Anti skid is not usable.

Q10How is V2 affected if T/O flaps 20° is chosen instead of T/O flaps 10°?

  1. V2 has no connection with T/O flap setting, as it is a function of runway length only.
  2. V2 has the same value in both cases.
  3. V2 increases in proportion to the angle at which the flaps are set.
  4. V2 decreases if not restricted by VMCA.
Show answer

Answer: D. V2 decreases if not restricted by VMCA.

Q11The second segment begins:

  1. When flaps are selected up.
  2. When flap retraction begins.
  3. When landing gear is fully retracted.
  4. When acceleration starts from V2 to the speed for flap retraction.
Show answer

Answer: C. When landing gear is fully retracted.

Q12Higher gross mass at the same altitude decreases the gradient and the rate ofclimb whereas:

  1. VY and VX are decreased.
  2. VX is increased and VY is decreased.
  3. VY and VX are not affected by a higher gross mass.
  4. VY and VX are increased.
Show answer

Answer: D. VY and VX are increased.

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